Alloy data 3 s e c t i o n3 section contents nadca no. In the context of this lecture not every individual alloy and its properties have been treated in detail, but rather divided into alloy types with reference to the most commonly used alloys. Azseries alloys are essentially alloys that include aluminum and zinc, with a magnesium base. Magnesium alloys are mixtures of magnesium with other metals called an alloy, often aluminum, zinc, manganese, silicon, copper, rare earths and zirconium. The az31 alloy is one of the most popular magnesium alloys with aluminum. They are prepared from a base of magnesium and a metal with limited solubility in solid magnesium. Specific yield and ultimate strength of the investigated alloy were reported to be higher if compared to the more common az91 magnesium alloys and comparable to that of the widely used a356 cast aluminum alloy. Mechanical properties and microstructure of magnesiumaluminum based alloys containing strontium aitao tang 1, fusheng pan. Magnesiumzirconium alloys tend to be used in relatively lowvolume applications where they are processed by sand or investment casting, or wrought products by extrusion or forging. Introducing the mgalre alloys for high temperature applications and investigating the reasons of poor mechanical properti es of mgal based magnesium alloys at high temperatures. Their density, being the lowest of all structural metals, makes them the primary choice in global attempts aimed at reducing the weight of transportation vehicles. High mechanical properties of az91 mg alloy processed by.
China 2college of materials, chongqing institute of technology, 4 xingsheng road, yangjiaping, chongqing 400050, p. The usage of magnesium is also in applications of medicals because of its low weight. Alloys in which magnesium and silicon are the principal alloying elements, commonly used for architectural extrusions and automotive components 7xxx. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. As with metal manufactures in general, the tensile and other properties of the magnesium materials depend upon the composition, condition whether cast or wrought, details of. Prioritising the health and wellbeing of all of our staff. However, magnesium also creates challenges at certain stages of raw alloy melting, fabrication of. Magnesium alloys magnesiumbased alloys, the strongest and most refractory alloys. Unalloyed magnesium is not extensively used for structural purposes. Magnesium past concerns were mainly corrosion, few for fire solid magnesium requires significant heat to melt melting point is the same as aluminium melting must occur before opportunity to burn newer alloys we43, elektron 21 are more flame resistant than older alloys magnesium used in aircraft engines. It can be alloyed with other metals, making them more beneficial. These unfavourable properties are exacerbated by the heterogeneity of the microstructure and strong texture forming in mg alloys during conventional thermomechanical processing.
Rare earth elements are used in many alloys to improve elevated temperature creep. This has led to extensive research focused on understanding the properties of magnesium and how these can be controlled during processing. In order to improve significantly the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy, all the castings for cars and bikes are subjected to solution heattreatments. Srbased alloys aj alloys are found to have superior creep performance and. High stiffnesstoweight, castability, machinability, and excellent damping are desirable properties of magnesium alloys that factor into the material selection process. These alloys are characterised by relatively good castability and are distinguished by excellent corrosion resistance due to high magnesium content 3, 4. Such designed alloy when subjected to an appropriate processing technique shows a combination of strength and formability that surpasses those of. Pdf magnesium alloys as a class of biodegradable metals have great potential to be used as implant materials, which attract much attention. This magnesium alloy obtained in the t5 temper higher. Az31b is a wrought magnesium alloy with good roomtemperature strength and ductility combined with corrosion resistance and weldability. Structure and properties of aluminiummagnesium casting. Zinc magnesium is one of numerous high purity alloys manufactured by american elements. Effect of severe plastic deformation on tensile and.
Magnesium is a fascinating element and widely used in commercial products ranging from large car components to pencil sharpeners and printing it is not a rare material, but is surprisingly difficult to source as a useable sheet. Introduction magnesium alloys most frequently used nowadays. Magnesium alloys for diecasting make it possible to produce components with low weight at competitive manufacturing costs. Mechanical properties and microstructure of magnesiumaluminum. Composition optimization and mechanical properties of mg. Magnesiumbased alloys containing rareearth metals are important structural materials, as they combine low density with highstrength properties. Bmw used magnesium alloy blocks in their n52 engine, including an aluminium alloy insert for the cylinder walls and cooling jackets surrounded by a hightemperature magnesium alloy aj62a. Ebert department of material science and engineering, technical uni6ersity of clausthal, sachsenweg 8, 38678 clausthalzellerfeld, germany abstract magnesium is the lightest of all metals used as the basis for constructional alloys. Mechanical properties of magnesium alloys, however, are below those of the strongest of the aluminium alloys. Magnesium alloys in aerospace applications, past concerns. Due to its low mass density and good mechanical properties, this structural material. Microstructure and mechanical properties of a rare earth rich magnesium casting alloy v.
Material properties of magnesium randy beals a a friendly friendly material properties. A magnesiumbased alloy with large lithium content demonstrates high specific strength in combination with corrosion resistance, associated with the formation of a. Introduction to magnesium alloys asm international. Its properties make it easy to weld, forge, cast or machine. A highspecificstrength and corrosionresistant magnesium. Mechanical properties of magnesium and magnesium alloys. Wrought magnesium alloy had higher mechanical properties than the conventional cast magnesium alloy, so it would be the main pattern of. Two major magnesium alloy systems are available to the designer. Magnesium alloys are also used in many other engineering applications where being lightweight is a significant advantage.
The alloy of magnesium is also used in gearboxes especially in aircrafts. The material and its properties magnesium diecasting. Magnesium is a silverywhite metal which is used as an alloy element for zinc, lead, aluminum, and other nonferrous alloys. The second part, 91, gives the roundedoff percentages of aluminum and zinc. Topics covered introduction chemical composition physical properties mechanical properties thermal properties other designations introduction. Magnesium alloys design, processing and properties 268 3. The first part of the designation, az, signifies that aluminum and zinc are the two principal alloying elements. Removing the relatively rough ascast surfaces of castings by machining improves fatigue properties of the castings, what is. The engine was used worldwide between 2005 and 2011 in various. These are limited to very low levels making it necessary to use. Consequently, the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is of primary concern. Isbn 9789533075204, pdf isbn 9789535145271, published 20110114. Magnesium alloys properties in solid and liquid states. Magnesium characteristics, properties, and applications.
Physicalchemical properties of mg vs other matls property units condition az91 am60 al380 al a356 nylon abs dc t6 30% glass sg gravity gcm 3 1. Az31, specifically, is an alloy of 3mass% al and 1mass% zn, whereas az61 is an. Designing a magnesium alloy with high strength and high. Despite using only a small amount of magnesium per can, this industry is still the largest consumer of the metal. Effect of magnesium on strength and microstructure of. Mechanical properties and microstructure of magnesium. Magnesium alloys have low ductility and poor formability. Effect of magnesium on strength and microstructure of aluminium copper magnesium alloy girisha.
Fundamentals of magnesium alloy metallurgy sciencedirect. Magnesium alloys have a hexagonal lattice structure, which affects the fundamental properties of. It is strong, has good heat dissipation, good damping and is readily available. The microstructure and mechanical properties of az31 magnesium. This makes them particularly attractive for industry, especially in cases where the low weight of constructions is critical, as in aircraft and space apparatus construction. Available alloy forms include sheets and plates, discs, foils, rods, tubes, wires, and.
Improving the properties of magnesium alloys for high temperature applications 269 in the previous works it was observed that az91 alloy had poor mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. Monitoring and adhering to all advice provided by the uk government, public heath england, the nhs and other advisory bodies to ensure that we play our role in supressing the spread of the virus. Complex wrought magnesiumbased alloys suffer from poor ductility, strong yield asymmetry, and lower than desired fatigue performance. Pdf mechanical properties of magnesium alloys for medical. Magnesium alloys design, processing and properties. Biodegradation zk50 magnesium alloy compression screws. Magnesiumbase products are available in a wide range of mechanical properties.
Fundamentals of magnesium alloy metallurgy presents an authoritative overview of all aspects of magnesium alloy metallurgy, including physical metallurgy, deformation, corrosion and applications. Samples were characterized by mechanical properties and structure in different heat treatment tempers. Pdf magnesium alloys as a class of biodegradable metals have. Magnesium alloys article about magnesium alloys by the. The uniqueness of the magnesium alloys is illustrated in. Microstructure and mechanical properties of a rare earth. Because of the high chemical activity of magnesium, the number of metals suitable for the production of magnesium alloys is relatively small.
Using the astm alphanumeric designation system encourages grouping magnesium alloys by principal alloy composition. Magnesium alloys with their unique physical and chemical properties are important candidates for many modern engineering applications. Beer and soda cans dont have the same requirements as aerospace alloys, yet a small amount of magnesium is used in the aluminum alloy that forms these cans. Magnesium alloy implants have lower stress load and can be absorbed gradually, but their degradation rates are too fast generally. Magnesium aluminum mgal based alloys are the most widely studied and used mg alloys due to their excellent castability, reasonable mechanical properties at room temperature, and good corrosion resistance 11. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Review the corrosion performance and mechanical properties. Innovations developed by nasa and its industry partners in a wide array of fields. This thesis aims to provide new knowledge regarding the role played by microstructure in the mechanical performance of the magnesium alloy. Alloys in which zinc is the principal alloying element although other elements, such as copper, magnesium, chromium, and zirconium. Requirements for heat treatment and tensile test are detailed. B40312 standard specification for magnesiumalloy investment castings magnesium alloy castings. Magnesium alloy properties a31115 standard 322 magnesium alloy characteristics a31215 guidelines 323 6 zinc and za alloys 326. As a master alloy, zincmagnesium can be used for grain refining, hardening, and improving alloy performance by enhancing properties such as ductility and machinability.
Az31b finds application in wide variety of uses including aircraft fuselages, cell phone and laptop cases, speaker cones and concrete tools. Aluminiummagnesium casting alloys have a wide range of application, especially in the automotive and shipborne industry that is directly related to their good mechanical properties 1, 2. It is our goal to constantly exceed our customers requirements for quality while maintaining on time delivery. Standard specification for magnesiumalloy investment castings. Improving the properties of magnesium alloys for high. Individual contributions of gadolinium and yttrium to age hardening and high temperature strength of magnesium alloys containing both elements are investigated using alloys containing different gd. The material and its properties characteristic physical properties magnesium alloys for diecasting make it possible to produce components with low weight at competitive manufacturing costs. Cast al cu mg alloys have widely used in aircraft, aerospace, ships and boat making, industrial and architectural applications for their.
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